The Opiate Epidemic

Evaluation of Home-Based Self-Hypnosis
Relaxation Training During VCUG in Children

It is very difficult and often traumatic for children to deal with medical procedures. It is also very stressful for the parents. In an effort to reduce the stress of invasive procedures, this study is exploring using home based self-hypnosis training for children. https://stresshealthcenter.stanford.edu/research/projects.html

Medical Hypnosis Research:

Below is related research regarding the effectiveness ofhypnotherapy in the treatment of pain and other Medical conditions.

• Medical Hypnosis: An Underutilized Treatment Approach

  “Medical hypnosis is an underutilized therapeutic modality which can be learned easily for everyday use in medical practice, especially when taking the medical history. In this era of emphasis on cost-effectiveness, both medical hypnosis and certain parahypnotic techniques (eg, closed-eye history taking) may be of special interest to physicians”. For more info: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220618/

• The Role of Suggestions in Hypnosis for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Literature

  .“Overall, these studies found hypnosis to be more effective than non-treatment control groups and similarly effective when compared to active treatments on pain-related outcomes when either pain-related suggestions or non-pain related suggestions were used. However, for studies that included both pain-specific and non-pain related suggestions, hypnosis was found to be superior to active treatments on a variety of pain-related outcomes.” Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113537/

• Suggestions to Reduce Clinical Fibromyalgia Pain and Experimentally Induced Pain Produce Parallel Effects on Perceived Pain but Divergent Functional MRI–Based Brain Activity

  “These findings imply that induction has an important effect on underlying neural activity mediating the effects of suggestion. Patient responses imply that suggestions altered pain experience via corresponding changes in pain-related brain regions, whereas control responses imply suggestion engaged cognitive control.” Read more here: https://journals.lww.com/psychosomaticmedicine/Fulltext/2017/02000/Suggestions_to_Reduce_Clinical_Fibromyalgia_Pain.9.aspx

• Effect of hypnosis on induction of local anesthesia, pain perception, control of hemorrhage and anxiety during extraction of third molars: a case-control study

  “The results of the study showed that hypnosis can effectively reduce anxiety, hemorrhage and pain. More studies are necessary to collect data on the effect of hypnosis on oral and maxillofacial surgeries.” Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253486

• The Efficacy, Safety and Applications of Medical Hypnosis A Systematic Review of Meta-analyses

  “Medical hypnosis is a safe and effective complementary technique for use in medical procedures and in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Waking suggestions can be a component of effective doctor–patient communication in routine clinical situations.”Read More Here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873672/

• Pediatric hypnosis: pre‐, peri‐, and post‐anesthesia.

  “Patients in hypnosis treatment conditions have less anxiety and shorter hospital stays and experience less long‐term pain and discomfort than do patients in control conditions. There appears little reason not to provide hypnosis as an adjunctive treatment for pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.” Read more here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2012.03860.x

• Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial.

  Structured attention and self-hypnotic relaxation proved beneficial during invasive medical procedures. Hypnosis had more pronounced effects on pain and anxiety reduction, and is superior, in that it also improves haemodynamic stability.” Read more here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(00)02162-0/fulltext

• Pain and anxiety during interventional radiologic procedures: effect of patients’ state anxiety at baseline and modulation by nonpharmacologic analgesia adjuncts.

  “Patients’ state anxiety level is a predictor of trends in procedural pain and anxiety, need for medication, and procedure duration. Low and high state anxiety groups profit from the use of nonpharmacologic analgesia adjuncts but those with high state anxiety levels have the most to gain.” Read more here:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371522

• Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy

  The study states that “Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with brain-gut-microbiome alterations. Gut-directed hypnotherapy (GHT) has been shown to improve quality of life and symptoms in IBS. This therapy targets psychological coping, central nervous processing and brain-gut interaction. Studies have also demonstrated effects of hypnosis on intestinal transit and the mucosal immune system”

  Read the abstract here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6274728/

• Hypnosis and upper digestive function and disease

  “Hypnotherapy has gained relevance as an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome not responsive to standard care. More recently, a few studies have addressed the potential influence of hypnosis on upper digestive function and disease” Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009639

• Right anterior insula connectivity is important for cue-induced craving in nicotine-dependent smokers.

  “These data suggest that among smokers, cue-induced craving may be a function of connectivity between two regions involved in interoception and self-awareness. Moreover, treatment strategies that incorporate mindful attention may be effective in attenuating cue-induced craving and relapse in nicotine-dependent smokers.”Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24529072

• Common and specific loci of Stroop effects in vocal and manual tasks, revealed by event-related brain potentials and posthypnotic suggestions.

  “In conclusion, vocal and manual Stroop versions seem to share semantic loci of conflict. The bigger vocal Stroop effect may be attributable to additional loci during word production lexicon. Apparently, PHS diminish Stroop effects by enhancing proactive executive control over lexico-semantic conflicts.“  Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730196

• MECHANISMS OF HYPNOSIS:Toward the Development of a Biopsychosocial Model

  “hypnosis and hypnotic responding are probably best explained by more comprehensive models that take into account factors from biological, psychological, and social domains. More restrictive models that focus only or primarily on a single factor or subset of factors, while useful for increasing our understanding the role of these factors may play, are unlikely to be adequate for providing a thorough understanding of the domain of hypnosis.” Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220267/

• Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis

  “In sum, the naturally occurring and clinically useful hypnotic state appears to be a product of reduced contextual vigilance (dACC activity) and disconnection from default mode resting activity, as well as enhanced coordination of networks engaged in task management and somatic surveillance.” Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6248753/

• Hypnotic susceptibility and affective states in bipolar I and II disorders.

  ” In contrast to cognitive suggestions, bipolar I patients followed motor suggestions more often under hypnosis”Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29121879

• Suggestibility as a predictor of response to antidepressants:

  A preliminary prospective trial. Suggestibility seems to play a role, presumably by shaping expectation, in response to AD treatment.Read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142688

• Effects of hypnotic and musical relaxation therapy on the treatment of the parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate

  Hypnotic and musical relaxation therapy can more effectively reduce the scores of the anxiety and depression states of the parents of patients with cleft lip and/or palate than psychological consultation. Read more: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27051950

• Valencia Model of Waking Hypnosis: Background, Research, and Clinical Applications.

  “Research has revealed that this model has numerous advantages, and is potentially useful in clinical practice. “Read more: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30260309

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